BLACK DEATH

Black Death or bubonic plague has been known for 2,000 years. The disease has occurred chiefly in Asia, but Europe suffered epidemics in the sixth century and from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. Plague starts among rats and is passed to human by fleas. Among the signs of disease are black swellings under the skin. A person catching

it may die within three days. The nursery rhyme ‘Ring around the rosy, a bucket full of …..’ may describe the rosy rash, the posy of herbs for protection, the fatal sneezing and the final dying of the plague victims.

The most famous outbreak in Europe was from 1347 to 1350. Plague spread along the trade routes from Asia. People had no idea what caused the disease. Some thought it came from disturbances among the planets; others believed it was a sign of God’s anger. Magical signs, such as writing the word ‘abracadabra’ in the form of a triangle, were used to protect people from the disease. In Germany people called ‘Flagellants’ walked in procession through the streets whipping themselves to stop God’s wrath. Sick people were forbidden to enter towns or buy food. Infected clothing was burnt, and the air was cleansed by burning juniper and sweet-smelling herbs. The dead were buried in big pits. A third of the people of Europe may have died. There was a great shortage of men to the farmland. Peasants were thus able to bargain with their lords for better conditions.

One of the largest epidemics occurred in London in the 1665. Cleaner living conditions and the killing of rats have reduced outbreaks of the plague, which is rare today.

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